Hemija kao nauka

Published on 05/25,2014

Hemija- je prirodna i eksperimentalna nauka. Bavi se proučavanjem građe,osobina i promena supstanci kao i zakona po kojima se te promene dešavaju. Klasično se izdvaja četiri polja u hemiji,mada postoji daleko veći broj usko specijalizovanih grana hemije i to su : Opšta hemija,neorganska,organska i biohemija. Hemija je jedna od elementarnih nauka,pored matematike bliska je i : fizici,biologiji,farmaciji,medicini. U mnogim poslovima kao i u svakodnevnom zastupljena je hemija. Hemija zauzima centralno mesto među prirodnim naukama. Između ostalog,bavi se i molekulima,njihovom strukturom,osobinama i transformacijama,i princima na kojima se osobine molekula zasnivaju. Hemija ima dosta zajedničkih tema sa drugim prirodnim naukama,kao što su fizika,geologija i astronomija,sa jedne strane i biologija,fiziologija i medicina. 

Podela :

- Analitička hemija : jedna od pod disciplina hemije i ona se bavi analizom različitih materijala sa ciljem da se dobiju podaci o njihovoj strukturi i hemijskom sastavu. Analitička hemija moze da se podeli na dve osnovne grane : kvalitativnu i kvantitativnu.

- Neorganska hemija : je deo hemije koji izučava hemijska svojstva i reakcije svih elemenata osim ugljenika i njihovih jedinjenja kao i hemijske procese koji se zbivaju među njima. 

- Organska hemija : je oblast hemije koja se bavi naučnim istraživanjem strukture,svojstva,kompozicije,reakcija i pripreme jedinjenja baziranih na ugljeniku i njihovih derivata. 

- Fizička hemija : nastala je kombinovanjem znanja iz fizike,hemije,termodinamike i kvantne mehanike,da bi se opažane makroskopske pojave opisale na atomskom i molekulskom nivou,dakle fizička hemija se bavi vezom između mikroskopskih i makroskopskih osobina materije.

- Biohemija : je hemija života,most između biologije i hemije koji proučava kako kompleksne hemijske reakcije stvaraju život.

- Teoretska hemija : objašnjava hemijska i fizička opažanja. Teoretska hemija koristi fundamentalne zakone fizike,Kulonov zakon,kinetičku energiju,potencijalnu energiju,Virijalnu teoremu,Plankov zakon,Paulijev princip isključenja i mnoge druge,u objašnjavanju i predviđanju hemijskih fenomena. Smile 


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